{"id":4821,"date":"2019-04-17T20:15:55","date_gmt":"2019-04-17T19:15:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pixanne.net\/voyages\/?p=4821"},"modified":"2019-04-17T20:15:57","modified_gmt":"2019-04-17T19:15:57","slug":"mandapams-arjunas-penance-descente-du-gange","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pixanne.net\/voyages\/asie\/inde-du-sud\/tamil-nadu\/mahabalipuram\/mandapams-arjunas-penance-descente-du-gange\/","title":{"rendered":"Les Mandapams de Mahabalipuram * Arjuna\u2019s Penance ou La Descente du Gange"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Au centre de Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram) les sites \u00e0 visiter ne manquent pas. Nous visitons en premier le Krishna Mandapam<\/strong>. Comme son nom l\u2019indique, il est d\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 Krishna. Mais un Mandapam c\u2019est quoi ? C\u2019est un temple construit dans la roche qui repr\u00e9sente l’architecture de l’\u00e8re Pallava. Sur la colline de Mahabalipuram ils sont nombreux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krishna Mandapam<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Au fond du temple on trouve un gigantesque bas relief. Il repr\u00e9ente Krishna soulevant le Mont Govardhan pour prot\u00e9ger les hommes et les animaux des pluies torrentielles. Mais pourquoi ce d\u00e9luge ? Selon la l\u00e9gende, le Dieu v\u00e9dique Indra se sent offens\u00e9 par les villageois qui ont cesser de lui apporter des offrandes. Il l\u00e2che donc sur le village, un orage torrentiel mettant en danger la vie de celui ci et de ses habitants. Pour sauver ses parents (qui habitent ce village), Krishna soul\u00e8ve le mont Govardhan et cr\u00e9\u00e9 un cadre de protection \u00e0 la vie humaine et animale. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sur une autre partie du bas relief on trouve la vie d’un village : Un vacher en train de traire une vache, une personne \u00e2g\u00e9e tenant un enfant sur ses \u00e9paules, des porteurs d\u2019eau.. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pancha Pandava Mandapa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ici il n\u2019y a pas de d\u00e9coration \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur. Le Pancha Pandava Mandapam<\/strong> ou Panchapandava Cave Temple<\/strong> est le plus grand parmi les cinq \u00ab temples grottes \u00bb de ce site. Datant du milieu du 7\u00e8me Si\u00e8cle il est rest\u00e9 inachev\u00e9. J\u2019ai ador\u00e9 ses piliers avec les lions assis m\u00eame si les sculpteurs de l\u2019\u00e9poque avait une dr\u00f4le d\u2019image des lions. A moins qu’il ne s\u2019agisse d’un animal mythique..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arjuna\u2019s Penance ou La Descente du Gange <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tout \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 du Pancha Pandava Mandapam il y a le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre bas relief Arjuna\u2019s Penance<\/strong> ou La Descente du Gange<\/strong>. Avec ses 27 m de long sur 9 m de haut, c’est peut-\u00eatre le plus grand bas-relief du monde. Depuis 1984, il est inscrit au patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO. C’est une v\u00e9ritable \u0153uvre d’art. Elle comporte environ 150 repr\u00e9sentations de dieux, d’humains, de nains, d’\u00eatres c\u00e9lestes mi-humains, mi-animaux, ainsi que d’animaux r\u00e9els ou mythiques. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1\u00e8re interpr\u00e9tation : <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La l\u00e9gende raconte que le roi Bhagiratha a d\u00fb faire descendre le Gange c\u00e9leste sur la terre, afin de purifier et de racheter les \u00e2mes maudites de ses anc\u00eatres. Mais le fleuve a inond\u00e9 la terre et le roi a d\u00fb subir une p\u00e9nitence pour apaiser Shiva, qui a finalement retenu l’inondation dans les boucles emm\u00eal\u00e9es de sa chevelure et l’a laiss\u00e9e doucement s’\u00e9couler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faille naturelle, une tr\u00e8s grande fissure verticale a \u00e9t\u00e9 habilement mise en sc\u00e8ne par les sculpteurs. Elle symbolise la descente du Gange et est peupl\u00e9e de cr\u00e9atures aquatiques. Ainsi, lors de rituels et d’offrandes, l’eau cascadait r\u00e9ellement sur la fente. Elle donnait ainsi l’impression que le Gange descendait des nattes de Shiva. La pr\u00e9sence d’une citerne en ma\u00e7onnerie de brique au sommet de la fente atteste cette pratique. La fissure dans la roche symbolise la descente du Gange, une th\u00e9orie que semble conforter la pr\u00e9sence sur la colline des ruines d’un r\u00e9servoir d’eau en pierre. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u00e8me interpr\u00e9tation :<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une deuxi\u00e8me interpr\u00e9tation consiste \u00e0 dire que le personnages du bas-relief est Arjuna, le h\u00e9ros de l\u2019\u00e9pop\u00e9e du Mahabaratha. Il se tient debout sur une jambe les mains lev\u00e9es au ciel. Il est en train d\u2019effectuer une p\u00e9nitence afin d\u2019obtenir l\u2019arme la plus puissante du dieu Shiva, la Pasupata Astra,<\/em> cens\u00e9e vaincre les Kauravas, ses cousins ennemis. La Pasupata Astra, <\/em>est une arme lan\u00e7ant des fl\u00e8ches \u00e0 r\u00e9p\u00e9tition. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Varaha Mandapam<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Derri\u00e8re le bas-relief d\u2019Arjuna, se trouve le Varaha Mandapam (Varaha Cave) d\u00e9di\u00e9 au dieu hindou Vishnou. Le mandapa est flanqu\u00e9 de quatre tr\u00e8s beaux bas-reliefs. L’un d’eux repr\u00e9sente Vishnou sous la forme du sanglier Varaha (troisi\u00e8me incarnation du dieu Vishnou). Il a un pied sur Naga, le roi-serpent et soutient sur sa cuisse droite Bhudevi, la d\u00e9esse de la terre, la sauvant de l\u2019oc\u00e9an primordial. Symboliquement, ceci signifie l\u2019\u00e9limination de l\u2019ignorance des \u00eatres humains. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La fa\u00e7ade d’entr\u00e9e est soutenue par des piliers octogonaux. Ils sont orn\u00e9s de lions gracieux. Ils ont ici une tr\u00e8s belle crini\u00e8re. Nous poursuivons notre d\u00e9couverte de la colline de Mahabalipuram<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Au centre de Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram) les sites \u00e0 visiter ne manquent pas. Nous visitons en premier le Krishna Mandapam. Comme son nom l\u2019indique, il est d\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 Krishna. Mais un Mandapam c\u2019est quoi ? C\u2019est un temple construit dans la … Lire la suite\u00ad\u00ad<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4874,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kt_blocks_editor_width":"","footnotes":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[117,342,369,351],"tags":[74,344,366,350],"class_list":["post-4821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asie","category-inde-du-sud","category-mahabalipuram","category-tamil-nadu","tag-asie","tag-inde-du-sud","tag-mahabalipuram","tag-tamil-nadu"],"yoast_head":"\nLes Mandapams de Mahabalipuram * Arjuna\u2019s Penance ou La Descente du Gange -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un Mandapam c\u2019est quoi ? C\u2019est un temple construit dans la roche qui repr\u00e9sente l'architecture de l'\u00e8re Pallava. 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C\u2019est un temple construit dans la roche qui repr\u00e9sente l'architecture de l'\u00e8re Pallava. 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